超实用指南 哈利伯瑞中学Haileybury Year12生物入学考试笔试题!

　　作为英国顶尖的私立混校，哈利伯瑞中学有着将近150多年的建校历史，无论是沉淀数百年的传统英国文化底蕴还是完善优秀的传统寄宿制，这所学校让我们看见了现实版的哈利波特中的霍格沃茨，因此，越来越多的学生去该校留学，可是，入读私校要经过笔试，下面，小编就为大家带来了哈利伯瑞中学Haileybury Year12生物入学考试笔试题，希望对大家有所帮助：

　　生物学

　　入学考试:16岁以上(样本)

　　允许时间:45分钟

　　总分:45分

　　考试开始前请仔细阅读此信息

　　-试卷的第一部分有30道选择题。

　　-选择你认为正确的答案，并将你的选择记录在另一张答题卡上。

　　-答对一题得一分。答错一个将扣分。

　　-试卷的第二部分有一道15分的问题。

　　-对于这部分，您应该在提供的回答框中回答。

　　-可能使用计算器。

　　1 Which process in plant cells uses chlorophyll?

　　A growth

　　B nutrition

　　C movement

　　D respiration

　　2 The table shows the scientific names of four members of the cat family.

　　Which statement is correct?

　　A All four cats are members of the same species.

　　B The leopard and the ocelot are members of the same genus.

　　C The leopard, lion and tiger are members of the same genus.

　　D The leopard, lion and tiger are members of the same species.

　　3 The diagram shows a type of tooth.

　　Use the key to identify the tooth.

　　1 the root is divided into two parts ............................................................... go to 2

　　the root is not divided into two parts ......................................................... go to 3

　　2 the height of the crown is greater than the length of the root ................... A

　　the height of the crown is less than the length of the root ........................ B

　　3 flattened crown ......................................................................................... C

　　ridged crown ............................................................................................. D

　　4 The diagram shows a student’s drawing of guard cells.

　　Which label is not correct?

　　5 The diagrams show a leaf and its internal structure.

　　What are the levels of organisation of the labelled structures?

　　6 The diagram shows an insect as seen using the low power lens of a microscope.

　　The actual diameter of the circle is 0.3 cm.

　　What is the approximate size of this insect in millimetres?

　　A 0.1 mm B 1.0 mm C 2.0 mm D 3.0 mm

　　7 The diagram shows part of a section through a leaf.

　　Which arrow represents the diffusion of oxygen during photosynthesis?

　　8 What helps to support plants?

　　A pressure inwards on the cell vacuoles

　　B pressure inwards on the chloroplasts

　　C pressure outwards on the cell walls

　　D pressure outwards on the nuclei

　　9 Which of these is digested by protease?

　　10 Which enzyme is used to produce clear apple juice?

　　A amylase

　　B lipase

　　C pectinase

　　D protease

　　11 What is the optimum pH for stomach enzymes?

　　A pH2 B pH7 C pH9 D pH12

　　12 What are the raw materials necessary for photosynthesis?

　　A carbon dioxide and water

　　B light and a suitable temperature

　　C oxygen and carbon dioxide

　　D water and a suitable temperature

　　13 In plants, which substance contains magnesium ions?

　　A cellulose

　　B chlorophyll

　　C haemoglobin

　　D starch

　　14 What must be increased in the diet of a person suffering from constipation?

　　A fats

　　B fibre

　　C iron

　　D protein

　　15 Which chemical reaction takes place in the mouth?

　　A Fats are digested into fatty acids and glycerol.

　　B Fats are digested into simpler sugars.

　　C Starch is digested into simpler sugars.

　　D Starch is digested into amino acids.

　　16 The diagram shows the human alimentary canal, with a string marked in metres beside it.

　　How long is the small intestine?

　　A 2 m B 6 m C 8 m D 9 m

　　17 What is a description of transpiration?

　　A exchange of gases between the leaf and the atmosphere

　　B loss of water vapour from the leaves and stems of a plant

　　C movement of water from the roots to the leaves

　　D movement of water through the cells of the leaf

　　18 Which tissue transports water from the roots to the leaves in a plant?

　　A cortex

　　B epidermis

　　C mesophyll

　　D xylem

　　19 On which organ is an ECG performed?

　　A brain

　　B colon

　　C ear

　　D heart

　　20 The diagram shows a cross-section through a human blood vessel.

　　Which type of blood vessel does the diagram show?

　　A an artery

　　B a capillary

　　C a vein

　　D a ventricle

　　21 Which are both chemical barriers to the transmission of pathogens?

　　A mucus and stomach acid

　　B mucus and white blood cells

　　C skin and hairs in the nose

　　D skin and stomach acid

　　22 The table shows the approximate composition of inspired and expired air。

　　What is the name of gas S?

　　A carbon dioxide

　　B nitrogen

　　C oxygen

　　D water vapour

　　23 In an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration, two bottles are set up in a warm room, as shown.

　　24 The diagram represents the exchange of gases during breathing and during respiration in the body.

　　25 The table shows information about urea.

　　Which row is correct?

　　26 What is the most important function of sweating?

　　A to remove excess heat from the body

　　B to remove excess salts from the body

　　C to remove excess urea from the body

　　D to remove excess water from the body

　　What part is played by sweat glands during the process of sweating?

　　A effector

　　B receptor

　　C sense organ

　　D stimulus

　　29 The diagram shows the gas exchange surface of a person who has just smoked a cigarette.

　　Substance P can cause cancer.

　　What is substance P?

　　A carbon dioxide

　　B carbon monoxide

　　C nicotine

　　D tar

　　30 Which method of birth control works by preventing an egg from being released?

　　A condom

　　B contraceptive pill

　　C monitoring body temperature

　　D vasectomy

　　31a.

　　Hypoxia is a condition in which tissues of the body are deprived of an adequate oxygen supply. A study was carried out in rats to examine the effects of continuing hypoxia on the structure of the diaphragm, and to determine whether nitric oxide is implicated in adaptation of the diaphragm to hypoxia. The diaphragm helps to supply oxygen to tissues and organs in the body by ventilating the lungs.

　　A group of 36 adult male rats were kept for 6 weeks in low oxygen while 36 adult male rats were kept in normal oxygen levels.

　　[Source: Reproduced with permission of the © ERS 2011. European Respiratory Journal June 2011, 37 (6) 1474–1481; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00079810]

　　Outline the effect of hypoxia on body mass and erythrocyte percentage. [1 mark]

　　31b.

　　The graph shows the effect of hypoxia on the endurance of rats’ diaphragm muscle after 6 weeks.

　　Endurance is the change in force measured as a percentage of the initial force.

　　[Source: Reproduced with permission of the © ERS 2011. European Respiratory Journal June 2011, 37 (6) 1474–1481; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00079810]

　　Using the data in the graph, deduce whether hypoxia increases or decreases the endurance of the rats’ diaphragm muscle. [2 marks]

　　31c.

　　Using the data presented in this question, explain the effect of hypoxia on the body. [2 marks]

　　31d.

　　The sodium–potassium pump plays a role in muscle activity. Nitric oxide may have a role in the recovery of hypoxic muscles. The production of nitric oxide can be blocked with an inhibitor of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. The graph shows the concentration of sodium–potassium pumps in the diaphragm of control and hypoxic rats without and with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.

　　Analyse the graph to obtain two conclusions about the concentration of sodium–potassium pumps. [2 marks]

　　31e.

　　Muscle fibres are stimulated to contract by the binding of acetylcholine to receptors in their membranes and the subsequent depolarization.

　　Suggest a reason for increasing the concentration of sodium–potassium pumps in the membranes of diaphragm muscle fibres. [1 mark]

　　31f.

　　Skeletal muscle contractions can take two different forms: if they are stimulated by a single action potential they take the form of a twitch and if they are stimulated by a series of action potentials the contraction is longer lasting (tetanic). The table shows the effects of hypoxia on the force of twitch and peak tetanic contraction in the diaphragm.

　　Outline the effect of hypoxia on the force of contraction of the diaphragm. [1 mark]

　　31g.

　　Hypoxia caused a 13 % increase in the surface area to volume ratio of the diaphragm. Suggest a reason for this change. [1 mark]

　　31h.

　　Using all relevant data in the question, evaluate the effectiveness of the rats’ adaptation to hypoxia. [3 marks]

　　31i.

　　Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using rats as models in this investigation. [2 marks]

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